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  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Annual rainfall trends in the Burkina Faso Sahel: a comparative analysis between Mann–Kendall and innovative trend method (ITM)
    (Springer Nature, 2025-04-04) Joseph Yaméogo
    The aim of this study is to analyse rainfall trends using the innovative trend method and the Mann–Kendall test. Rainfall data for the period 1981–2020 were obtained from the monthly CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group Infrared Rainfall with Stations) database provided by the USGS (United States Geological Survey) to FEWSNET (Famine Early Warning Systems Network). The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and trend and Mann–Kendall tests. The study showed that rainfall data for the period 1981–2020 are subject to variability at all locations in the Sahel. In addition, annual rainfall is also subject to low, medium and high fluctuations depending on the location. The study shows an increasing trend in rainfall based on the Mann–Kendall test, while the innovative approach found high, medium and low trends. This means that the innovative method is more sensitive to local trends than the Mann–Kendall test, and it is therefore important for regional authorities to tailor their support to the reality of each Sahelian community in order to make rural populations more resilient.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Apport de la coeliochirurgie dans la cure des tumeures surrénaliennes par voie transpéritonéale Technique – Résultats
    (2019-04) Abdennour , Belkadi
    Introduction Les glandes surrénales sont d`accès difficile et leur exérèse peut être à la fois exigeante et contraignante. Depuis sa première réalisation en 1992, la surrénalectomie laparoscopique s’est imposée comme le gold standard dans la plupart des indications. Plusieurs techniques laparoscopiques ont été décrites : nous utilisons la voie transpéritonéale, le patient étant en décubitus latéral. Notre étude a pour but d’évaluer l’intérêt de la voie laparoscopique dans la réalisation de la surrénalectomie puis de vérifier sa faisabilité et sa fiabilité dans le traitement de diverses tumeurs surrénaliennes. Patients et méthodes : C’est une étude rétrospective et prospective descriptive. Entre janvier 2010 et janvier 2017, nous avons réalisé 45 surrénalectomies (gauches = 19, droites = 26) pour masse surrénalienne qu’elle soit sécrétante ou de découverte fortuite lors d’un examen radiologique. Résultats L’âge moyen des patients était de 43,24 ans (17 à 77 ans) avec un sexe ratio de 0,36. L’indice, de masse corporelle (IMC) était de 26,66 ± 3,97 kg/m2. Trente (30) patients (68,1 %) étaient classés ASA II. La taille moyenne des tumeurs était de 56,13 mm (10-180 mm). Les incidentalomes représentaient 42 % (19 patients) ; les tumeurs sécrétantes se répartissaient de la manière suivante : hypercortisolisme : 7 %, hyperaldostéronisme primaire : 11 %, phéochromocytome : 36 %. L’intervention était réalisée sous anesthésie générale (après préparation pharmacologique selon le cas), la surrénalectomie était totale et unilatérale par voie latérale transpéritonéale. La durée opératoire moyenne était de 140,88 min (90-240). Cinq (5) conversions étaient nécessaires, dont 3 pour hémorragie (2 plaies de la veine cave et une perte de contrôle de la veine surrénalienne principale). La morbidité est de 8,8 %, le plus souvent d’ordre médical (hypotension, ISA). Un patient a été réopéré pour abcès sous-phrénique. Un décès est survenu en postopératoire suite à un AVC massif. Le séjour hospitalier est de 5,29 (3-14) jours lors de la coelioscopie et 8,29 (5-16) jours en cas de conversion en laparotomie. Cette série a été comparée à celles de la littérature et les résultats retrouvés sont globalement similaires. Conclusion : La surrénalectomie laparoscopique par voie latérale transpéritonéale est une procédure sûre, efficace et reproductible. Elle est particulièrement adaptée pour les lésions bénignes de petite taille qu’elles soient sécrétantes ou non sécrétantes. Elle exige, toutefois, une collaboration périopératoire multidisciplinaire étroite. D’excellents résultats sont notés à court et à moyen terme.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Translational, Bioethical, and Global Equity Challenges in the Deployment of Anti-HIV Biotherapies: From the Research Laboratory to the Most Affected Populations
    (Publisher, 2026-01-17) Barack Ndenga
    Over the past two decades, HIV research has entered an era of unprecedented technological sophistication, marked by advances in gene therapy, immuno-engineered cells, nanomedicine, and precision vaccines. Yet, I argue that scientific feasibility alone does not guarantee clinical impact. The translation of cutting-edge biotherapies into real-world benefit is constrained by ethical, logistical, economic, and geopolitical barriers—particularly in regions most affected by HIV. In this article, I critically examine the translational bottlenecks, bioethical dilemmas, and global equity challenges associated with next-generation anti-HIV biotherapies. I conclude that the ultimate success of HIV cure strategies will depend not only on biological efficacy, but on ethical legitimacy, societal trust, and deliberately engineered accessibility. Keywords : HIV cure,Global health equity,Bioethics,Translational research,Health justice,Biotherapy deployment,Manufacturing scalability,Regulatory frameworks, Access to medicines,Health systems strengthening,Gene therapy,Cell therapy,Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), Community engagement,Health policy
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Trends and prediction of extreme precipitation indices in three cities of Burkina Faso using non-parametric statistics and the Holt-Winters smoothing method
    (Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute Podlesna 61, 2025-08-06) Joseph Yaméogo
    Climate extremes have become increasingly important in recent years, leading to renewed scientific interest. However, few studies have focused on precipitation extremes in cities in Burkina Faso, a Sahelian country in West Africa. The aim of this study is to analyze trends and to project future extreme precipitation indices in three cities in Burkina Faso. To this end, precipitation data, recorded daily, were collected from the National Meteorological Agency of Burkina Faso (NMABF) over the period 1991-2020. The stations selected were Boromo for the small town of Boromo, Saria for the medium-sized town of Koudougou, and Bobo-Dioulasso for the town of Bobo-Dioulasso. The precipitation data were used to calculate the extreme precipitation indices described by ETCCDMI (Expert Team for Climate Change Detection Monitoring and Indices) using Rclimdex. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Kendall test, and trends from innovative models were used to analyze the extreme precipitation indices; the Holt-Winters additive model was used to analyze future projections. The study showed considerable variability and a monotonic increasing trend in extreme precipitation indices over the period 1991-2020. However, for the city of Koudougou, the trend was a non-monotonic increase. The forecast based on the Holt-Winters additive model shows considerable variability in the extreme precipitation indices, with an upward trend over the period 2020-2030. On the other hand, in the city of Koudougou, indices of precipitation duration will decrease, indicating that the city will be affected most by the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Beyond HIV: Immuno-Engineering as a New Therapeutic Paradigm for Chronic Infectious and Oncological Diseases — Scientific Legacy and Translational Perspectives
    (Publisher, 2026-01-18) Barack Ndenga
    The global effort to control and cure HIV has catalyzed some of the most transformative innovations in modern biomedicine. From gene-edited immune cells and engineered antibodies to programmable nanomedicine and systems-level therapeutic modeling, HIV research has evolved into a living laboratory for immuno-engineering. In this final article of the Frontières Thérapeutiques series, I explore how the conceptual and technological frameworks developed in the context of HIV transcend the virus itself. I argue that HIV cure research has laid the foundations for a new therapeutic paradigm, one in which diseases are addressed not merely by targeting pathogens or tumors, but by reprogramming immune systems as adaptive, engineered entities. This paradigm carries profound implications for chronic infectious diseases, oncology, and the future of precision medicine. Keywords : Immuno-engineering,HIV cure research,Therapeutic paradigm, Scientific legacy,Translational medicine,CAR-T cells,Gene editing,Therapeutic vaccines,Systems medicine,Programmable therapeutics,Oncology,Chronic infectious diseases,Precision medicine, Immune reprogramming,Biomedical innovation